Digital banking the Sharia compliant way
Introduction
Islamic banks are able to offer their customers financial services that are compliant with the principles of Islamic finance. Digital banking enables banking systems to be personalised, informative, and efficient. Users are able to quickly access information that is relevant to their account and spending habits. It can take seconds to access your account and your credit and debit balance.
Personalising services via digital banking means customers are more aware of their financial dealings and more able to control their financial habits.
Islamically, knowing exactly how much money you have in your account means you are less likely to overspend, or get into debt. Where in the past customers would have had to attend a bank or a cash machine to find out their account balance, now with digital banking the enquiry can be made at any time and anywhere from a mobile phone.
WHAT IS DIGITAL BANKING?
Digital banking is when a bank or financial institution offers its customers financial services via digital platforms. Customers are now able to access information via their mobile, desktop, accessing their bank's website, and using various apps.
One of the aims of digital banking is to offer a seamless service to people and also to ensure there is financial inclusion when it comes to managing money. Banks want to operate in a more efficient way and make banking more accessible to their clients.
For the bank, it means that they have fewer operational costs as they can rely on digital platforms to offer their services and products.
Digital banking is used widely across the globe, and it means that communities that formerly may not have been served by banking sectors now have more access to basic financial services. Digital banking relies heavily on technology and the technological advancements that have taken place over the last few decades.
Benefits Of Digital Banking
There are many advantages of using digital banking, they include the following:
- greater efficiency
- more seamless service
- enhanced customer experience
- increased transparency
- intuitive platforms
- ease access to information
- no need to attend banks in person
Types Of Digital Banking
- Business to consumer services
- Crowdfunding
- Zakat payments
- Micro-financing
- Interest free loans
- Family banking
- Social banking
- Collections of payment
Islamic Finance And Banking
As digital connectivity and technology continues to grow, the demand for digital services is increasing. At the same time, the Islamic banking industry is also growing and working hard to keep up with digital innovations.
With both industries growing at pace simultaneously, Muslim consumer needs have driven the need for digital solutions within the Islamic banking sphere.
Muslims represent almost 25% of the population of the world and Islam is the fastest growing religion. This means there is already a large demand for digital Islamic services. In addition, the Muslim population has a strong youth demographic who are tech savvy, educated, and aware of how they want to manage their money.
This demographic is also keen to have increased information and transparency when it comes to banking services.
The Islamic economy has moved hand in hand with halal infrastructure. This is definitely the case when it comes to Islamic finance and the banking infrastructure to support it.
There is an increased focus on ensuring that payments and financial transactions are interest free and free from speculation and other haram activities.
Muslim consumers are digitally aware and connected. They are also educated on the principles of Sharia law which deem transactions halal or haram. Their Muslim identity is an important part of the lifestyle and the choices they make.
It is not only Muslim countries that are developing their Islamic finance infrastructure. The Islamic finance industry is thriving in the UK, the US and the rest of Europe. One example is the Port of Rotterdam which has created what is known as a halal distribution park to cater to European Muslims.
Let's examine the fundamental principles of Islamic finance:
- No interest
- No ambiguous terms or uncertainty
- Purification: a requirement that banks ensure money generated is Sharia compliant and separate from non compliant income
- Ethical and socially responsible transactions and investments
- Asset backed systems: not seeing money as a tradable commodity but linking it to real economic activity and assets.
Ethics And Islamic Banking
With the ongoing recession and global financial crisis, there is also an increasing and growing demand for more ethical and socially responsible banking options and services.
Islamic finance services, together with Islamic digital banking services, are well positioned to offer ethical practices and options for consumers. Islamic finance is centred on ethics and offering an alternative system that strengthens real economy sectors.
What Islamic finance also requires is increased due diligence and transparency. In order to be Sharia compliant banking services must comply with the rules of Islam and must be vetted for compliance.
Digital Islamic Economy
The digital Islamic economy is a fast growing industry. The rise of Islamic lifestyle magazines and online platforms means there is a demand for Islamic content and services. For example, the modest fashion industry has become a big player in the fashion sector and has seen incredible growth online.
With over 1.7 billion Muslims in the world, the digital services landscape has the potential to grow and accelerate fast. With it comes an emerging digital Islamic economy that is focused on the consumer needs of Muslims.
Commercially and digitally, Islamic finance is one of the most attractive vertical sectors. However, it's success will need to ensure compliance with Islamic finance principles and Sharia rules.
In terms of the future and the potential of Sharia compliant digital banking, the opportunities are limitless.
There is support from individuals, companies and investors for further development of digital banking services. One of the challenges for digital banking will be to ensure that any product or service that markets itself as compliant will require additional and ongoing due diligence.
Whilst application software (app) programmes will continue to be developed to facilitate compliant investment, saving and money management options.
Digital banking platform Algbra did a survey and found that out of the 1.6 billion unbanked adults in the world, 800 million are Muslims. This is an alarming figure, but it is hoped that digital banking will be more inclusive than conventional banking methods.
Whether it comes to loans, savings, personal or business accounts, or investment, digital banking will ensure more marginalised groups are able to partake.
Developing a robust digital banking service should be a high priority for Islamic banks. In turn, this will lead to enhanced Sharia compliant tools and services.
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WHAT IS A PENSION?
A pension is effectively a savings plan that is long-term. It is designed to help you save for your retirement and ensure that you can maintain your standard of living once you are no longer working, without having to worry about finances and bills.
Halal pensions are a Sharia compliant investment option for Muslims who do not want to compromise on their religious beliefs.
Halal Pensions
A halal pension is long-term savings plan that is compliant with Islamic rules relating to saving. Halal pensions are Sharia compliant.
Muslims are required to ensure that their money is managed and invested in a way that does not contravene the Sharia rules relating to finances, and this is why they look for halal pension products.
Difference Between A Conventional Pension And Halal Pension
As mentioned above, halal pensions are specifically geared towards Muslims, but can be utilised by anyone.
Halal pensions are different from traditional pension schemes as they each have different underlying principles and different investment strategies.
Many conventional pension schemes are not compliant with Sharia law and therefore not acceptable to Muslim savers.Halal pensions must have the following elements:
- No riba (interest)
- No maysir (gambling)
- No gharar (uncertainty)
Most traditional pension schemes invest in schemes that will not meet the above requirements. However, halal pension schemes have a Sharia compliant investment strategy. This means that the funds should be invested in assets that are Sharia compliant including real estate/ property and Islamic bonds.
In addition, halal pensions have a different management and market approach than traditional pension schemes. Halal pensions have to be managed in accordance with Islamic principles. These principles centre on the concepts of social and ethical responsibility which we will examine below.
Conventional pensions are more driven and focused on generating revenue and profits. The wealth and revenue growth of conventional pensions are often generated from risky or interest-based investment strategies.
Key Features Of Halal Pensions
If you work in the public sector and pay into a workplace pension it is very likely that you have a defined benefit pension. You should ask your employer for information relating to your pension so you can assess whether it is a defined benefit pension. If it is, then the pension should be halal.
Always check to see what fund your pension monies are located in.The main features of a halal pension include the following:
- Compliance with Islam and Sharia rules: this is fairly obvious but any pension you have must not contravene any Sharia rules about finances. Whilst you have a choice about which pension fund to invest in, it is your responsibility to make sure you seek expert opinion and advice about the investment and the operations of the scheme.
- Prohibited investment: for a pension to be deemed to be halal, investors need to make sure the monies are not invested in haram industries (gambling, porn, alcohol etc)
- No interest: this is one of the underlying concepts in Islamic finance. Sharia rules and guidelines strictly prohibit the payment of receipt of any form of interest. You should be sure to avoid haram bonds or any other investment instrument that relies on interest.
- Ethics: investors are faced with the obligation to act in an ethical and socially responsible way. This means that investments must align with the core Islamic value of transparency and fairness. Investments must adhere to Sharia rules and guidelines relating to finances.
Ethical And Social Responsibility
Halal pensions are designed to ensure that any investment is socially responsible and ethical. This is a fundamental principle of Islamic finance and must be adhered to.
Anyone who manages a halal pension needs to ensure that they do not invest in any industry, economy, market or product that would deemed to be unethical or haram under Islamic rules.
This means the pension monies cannot be invested in industries that are involved with gambling, porn, alcohol, and any other activities not permissible under Sharia rules.
Any profit or return from investment in these industries is haram
Importance Of Having A Halal Pension For Muslims
For Muslims, having a pension is an essential part of ensuring that they plan for their future.
Not only will having a pension provide you with an income for your future, but ensuring the pension is halal will increase its value for those who wish to remain Sharia compliant.
Workplace Pensions
In the UK, you should have a workplace pension, and your employer is legally required to contribute to your pension fund.
In addition to this, it is always a good idea to think about having a private pension. The main benefit of this, other than having a second pension pot, is that you can direct which pension fund to invest in and you have more of a say about where your pension is invested.
Having a halal pension means you have a savings plan that aligns with the ethical and religious values of Islam.
Key Benefits Of Having A Halal Pension
Some of the benefits of having a halal pension include the following:
- Compliance with Sharia law
- Alignment of personal values with financial planning strategies
- Accessibility to ethical investments
- Saving for retirement
Halal Pensions In The Uk
The popularity of halal pensions is growing in the United Kingdom and the rest of the world. Not only are they aimed at Muslims looking for Sharia compliant saving and pension plans, but they also attract ethical investors.
The number of banks and financial organisations offering halal pensions is increasing. Before approaching any organisation offering halal pension products you should always satisfy yourself that they are sufficiently registered and regulated by the FCA. You should also make sure the bank is fully aware of the rules relating to Islamic finance.
Please note that Qardus Limited does not provide financial advice.
WHAT IS QARD AL-HASSAN?
Qard al-hassan, also known as qard al-hasan, is an Islamic finance term that essentially refers to a loan that is interest free. Typically in a transaction that includes qard al-hassan, the borrower will repay the amount owing under the principal amount without any other mark up or interest payment being charged. Qard al-hassan financial products are compliant with Sharia rules that dictate that interest (riba) payments are not permissible, whether the interest is being paid or being charged.
These types of loans offer financial solutions for Muslims looking to borrow funds that do not include any interest payments.
Qard al-hassan loans are loans that are provided to help others. The word hassan itself means acceptable or good (of good faith). Islamic banking services are now offering qard al-hassan loans for both Muslims and non-Muslims.
Qard Al-Hassan Loans
In Islam and Islamic banking, Qard al-hasan loans do not have an interest rate element, and this means that businesses and consumers are able to borrow money on a goodwill basis. Generally speaking, qard al-hasan loans tend to be used for welfare purposes. The Quran stipulates that Muslims should endeavour to provide these types of benevolent loans where possible and to those who need these kinds of services.
"Establish regular prayer and give regular charity and give Allah Qard Hassan" (Quran 73:20)
The principle of qard al-hassan in Islam enables Muslims to further the social justice ethos that underpins Islamic finance. Islamic finance facilitates loans from those with the funds to those who need financial assistance without breaching Sharia rules. Qard al-hassan can be viewed as a loan agreement that is akin to giving charity. The borrower and lender sign an agreement confirming the terms of the qard.
HOW DOES QARD AL-HASSAN WORK?
In Islam, qard al-hassan works in the following way. A lender will lend a business or service an amount of money that they need (usually for social justice purposes). The principal amount borrowed will be interest-free. The borrower will then repay the amount of money borrowed without any interest or surplus payments owing. Borrowers are permitted to pay an additional amount back to the lender as a gesture of goodwill, but this cannot be done based on any promise or commitment.
Qard al-hassan loans do not increase over time or accumulate any interest charges like traditional loans do. This means they offer problem solving solutions for Muslims.
The most important element of Islamic qard al-hasan loans is that they are untouched by any form of riba. There should not be any reference or link to the economic market conditions and fluctuations, and the lender cannot ask for the return of the loan before the contractual repayment period ends.
Qard Al-Hassan - The Redistribution Of Wealth
Islamic finance systems focus on socio-economic justice and the enhanced wellbeing of society, especially the alleviation of poverty. Alongside sadaqa and zakat, qard al-hassan is an essential Islamic finance instrument of redistribution of wealth.
Qard al-hassan minimises the cost of borrowing and remains compliant with Islamic Sharia law. It's one of several halal investing principles that guide how Muslims manage and grow wealth ethically.
Social Justice, Qard And The Islamic Finance Economic System
The Islamic finance economic system has always centred on principles of social justice (as mirrored throughout the practices and teachings of Islam). The focus of the finance system is to ensure and improve the overall wellbeing of society and using money to enhance social conditions.
Qard al-hassan is a key concept that acts as a crucial redistributive instrument. The distribution of funds from the rich to the poor aims to reinforce social unity and cooperation. As the global experience of, and appetite for, ethical finance options and factor analysis continues to grow, qard al-hassan is fast emerging as an important tool in the fight against poverty and the drive to ensure there is more financial freedom and equity for poorer communities.
As more and more Islamic finance companies and banks are offering innovative qard al-hassan products and financial services, project management for those customers and business operations working within the social justice sector will become easier and more accessible. Qard al-hassan services will start to become more readily available in banking and private sector financial industries.
The opinion of scholars is that qard al-hassan loans are problem solving as they facilitate the redistribution of funds that are compliant with ethical and Islamic finance principles. Islamic finance is facilitating financial freedom and investment options for those who have historically been excluded from traditional financial markets and industries that did not cater to their religious requirements.
According to Sharia law, qard al-hassan loans are deemed to be acts of good faith, and loans that help those in need. Advancement of news relating to qard products and websites, and information technology means that qard al-hassan financial services are more readily available and searched for online, especially in Middle Eastern territories. This has enhanced the supply and demand of qard services. Historically, qard al-hassan loans have proved to be effective for economic growth, enhancing employment, and alleviating poverty.
The investment term for this offer has been successfully concluded
As the investment term for this facility has been successfully concluded we wanted to present some highlights of this offer to investors:
The problem: Dara 77 Ltd, a dental practice, was seeking funds for working capital, to purchase dentistry equipment, and refinance an expensive mycashloan of c.£30,500 at c.50% APR.
The solution: In order to refinance the expensive loan at the earliest possible time and meet their working capital requirements, the company needed a timely injection of business finance. Dara 77 Ltd hence sought to raise a total of up to £60,000 of Sharia-compliant finance on the Qardus platform.
The outcome: The company had a two-year unsecured amortizing finance facility with Qardus, giving it the capital required to support their next phase and pay-off the expensive loan. The funds were drawn down on January 28, 2021.
Final settlement: Dara 77 Ltd made a voluntary early prepayment for the full outstanding balance of the financing facility on May 12, 2022. The Director used the extra cash proceeds from the sale of her home to pay off all her debts.
Payments to investors:Over the term of the facility, investors received their scheduled profit and principal payments each month.
Returns to investors: Investors made a return of 16.2% per year over the term of the facility. An investment in this offer made a return on investment (ROI) of 20.88%andXIRR of 25.31%upon successful conclusion of the investment term. The XIRR function calculates the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) by assigning specific dates to each individual cash flow.
“Excellent service from start to finish, comprehensive and friendly staff that make the full process feel easy. I was seeking growth finance and contacted Qardus and within 5 business days, I had an offer and funds in the bank. Highly recommend, thank you again Qardus”Director, Dental Practice
“This business is a prime example of a UK SME which has strong social impact credentials and that our investors are keen to support. This was also the first female owned business on our platform that got funded in 6 hours! In addition to providing working capital headroom, the funding will also be used by the business to refinance an expensive loan at c.50% APR. With this financing facility, we look forward to watching this business grow”Hassan Daher, CEO & Founder, Qardus Limited
Please remember that when investing in the offers available on the Qardus platform your capital is at risk and returns are not guaranteed. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
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